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DR. POTTER'S DISCOURSE 



BEFORE 



THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW-YORK, 



ON THE DEATH OP 



PRESIDENT HARRISON. 



A DISCOURSE 



^n tije Beatj^ of 



WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, 

LATE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES J 

DELIVERED BEFORE THE TWO HOUSES OF THE LEGISLATURE OF 
THE STATE OF NEW- YORK, 

IN St. PETER'S CHURCH, ALBANY, 

On the 2§tli Day of April, 1841; 



BY THE 

Rev. HORATIO POTTER, D.D. 

n 

BBCTOK OF SAID CHURCH. 



♦•►♦•©*«*«• 



ALBANY : 

PRINTED BY HOFFMAN, WHITE AND VISSCHER. 



1841. 



STATE OF NEW-YORK. 

IN SENATE, April 26, 1841. 

Resolved, Thai the llianks of the Senate and Assembly 
be presented to the Rev. Horatio Potter, D.D. for the 
able, eloquent, and appropriate discourse delivered before 
them on the twenty-fifth instant, in commemoration of the 
lamented death of William Henry Harrison, late Pre- 
sident of the United States ; that he be respectfully re- 
quested to furnish a copy thereof for publication ; and that 
the joint committee appointed the sixth instant, on the mes- 
sage of his Excellency the Governor, do carry this resolu- 
tion into effect. 

BY ORDER. 

SAMUEL G. ANDREWS, Clerk. 



IN ASSEMBLY, April 26, 1841. 

Resolved, That the Assembly do concur with the Senate 
in the above resolution. 

BY ORDER. 

P. B. PRINDLE, Clerk. 



To the Rev. HORATIO POTTER, D.O. 

SIR, 

In obedience to a joint resolution of the Senate and 
Assembly of the State of New-York, the subscribers take 
pleasure in presenting to you the unanimous thanks of the 
two Houses, for the able, eloquent, and appropriate dis- 
course delivered before them on the twenty-fifth instant, in 
commemoration of the lamented death of William Henry 
Harrison, late President of the United States ; and do 
respectfully request of you the favor to furnish them with 
a copy thereof for publication. 

With great regard, 

We have the honor to be, 

Your obedient servants, 

JOHN W. TAYLOR, ^ 

HENRY A. FOSTER, C On the part of the 

G. FURMAN, ) ^'^"'■ 

JOHN M. HOLLEY, -^ 

JEREMIAH JOHNSON, | 
W. TAYLOR, y ^" "" ^'"■' "/ ''" 

MICHAEL HOFFMAN, I ^»*^'n% 
GEORGE A. SIMMONS, J 



GENTLEMEN. 

I HAVE received, with much sensibihty, your communi- 
cation, presenting the unanimous thanks of the two houses 
of the Legislature for my discourse dehvered before them 
on the twenty-fifth instant, and requesting a copy thereof 
for pubhcation. The kindness and mdulgence, and I will 
add the serious attention, with which this effort to serve 
them has been received, demand my respectful acknow- 
ledgments ; and 1 venture to offer them, as for myself, so 
also in behalf of Religion and of the Country — both being 
equally benefited by every act of homage toward the Go- 
vernor of the Universe, proceeding from those who are in 
authority. Though generally reluctant to commit occa- 
sional discourses to the Press, 1 do not feel myself at li- 
berty to decline a request presented as yours is. In ac- 
ceding to it, I can only pray that words spoken with sim- 
plicity and sincerity may, through a higher agency, become 
words of power. 

With great respect and regard, 
I have the honor to be, 

Your obliged humble servant, 

HORATIO POTTER 

Albany, April 30, 1841. 

Tlie Hon. John W. Taylor, ) 

The Hon. Henry A. Foster, > Committee on the part of the Senate. 

The Hon. G. Furman, ) 

The Hon. John M. Holley, 

The Hon. Jeremiah Johnso.v, 

The Hon. W. Taylor, \(Jommitl€e on the part of the Assembly 

The Hon. Michael Hoffman, 

The Hon. George A. Simmons, 



DISCOURSE. 



Gentlemen of the Senate, 

AND OF the Assembly : 

In confiding to one of your chaplains, rather 
tlian to one of your own number, the duty which 
I rise to attempt to discharge, I have supposed 
that you intended to intimate your wish, that the 
discourse to be pronounced might be of a rehgious, 
and not of a poHtical or historical character 5 that 
in considering the bereavement under which the 
nation mourns, prominence might be given, not 
so much to the person as to the event. Acquies- 
cing in a view of this exercise, which accords so 
well with my own tastes and feelings, I shall not 
repeat what you already know much better than 
myself, of the services and the worth of a departed 
Patriot, Soldier and Statesman, but endea- 



') 



10 

vor, by some very simple reflections, to turn your 
thoughts toward Him from whom this national 
monition proceeded. And O Thou, in whose 
presence we now appear, unto whom all hearts 
are open, pardon our sins, tranquilize our spirits, 
and help us to profit by the lesson which thou art 
giving us ; we ask it for Christ's sake. 

Hear the words of a royal preacher, recorded 
in the book of Ecclesiastes, first chapter and se- 
cond verse : 

"Vanity of vanities, saith the preacher, vanity of 

VANITIES ; ALL IS VANITY." 

You will perhaps demand of me, why I come 
before you with a sentiment so trite, and yet so 
paradoxical — so far removed from those practical 
views of life, which are generally prevalent, and 
which, it may be thought, are alone worthy of the 
attention of Statesmen and Rulers. I can only 
lay my hand upon my mouth, and declare that I 
say nothing of myself 5 that I do but echo the 
voice of God as it speaks to us emphatically in his 
Word, and, if I may venture to say so, still more 
impressively in his Providence. If ever there was 
a dispensation in which it was the manifest design 
of God to teach us, that " every man living, in his 



11 

best estate, is altogether vanity," such is the one 
which has called us together this evening. For 
what has happened ? Why is it that an humble 
minister of religion is called forth from his retire- 
ment, and commanded to address the Legislature 
of the State ? Why is it that our consecrated 
Temples, our Halls of Legislation, and our Courts 
of Justice arc hung in black; and that every 
where, throughout the length and breadth of the 
land, funeral processions meet the eye, and the 
sound of the muffled drum falls sadly upon the 
ear 5 while from the suspension of business, the 
cessation of political strife, and the softened tone 
of public feeling, a stranger would have said, ' the 
land is in mourning : there cannot be a house in 
which there is not one dead' ? What is it that has 
thus bowed the hearts of all this people in awe 
and sadness, as the heart of one man ? Why, 
suddenly, in a most unexpected moment, the Su- 
preme Governor of the Universe has been seen 
putting forth his hand through clouds and dark- 
ness, to take out of this world, in the first month 
of his exaltation to power, the Chief Magistrate 
of a great nation ! Yes ! even in the midst of 
triumphs and gratulations, at the very commence- 



12 

ment of a new political era ; while one part of the 
country is eager with hope and expectation, and 
the other part is looking on with doubt and mis- 
trust ; while all are waiting for the developments 
of a new policy, he, on whom every eye is fixed, 
is summoned from the cabinet, and from the chair 
of state, to the bed of death 5 and the multitudes 
who so lately thronged the capital of the nation, 
to witness his induction into the highest office in 
their gift, are scarcely dispersed, have not all 
reached their respective homes, when they are 
overtaken by tidings that the man whom they 
have been so anxious to elevate, from whose ele- 
vation they have hoped so much, is no more ! 

Think of the scenes that have been witnessed 
in the streets of Washington since the beginning 
of the last month. The inhabitants of that city, 
who but a few days ago crowded to the Capitol 
to witness the august ceremony of Inauguration, 
or who thronged the sides of that great Avenue 
through which the brilliant pageant was to move, 
for the purpose of hailing with acclamations the 
venerable Warrior, now become their chief Ruler j 
these inhabitants, I say, have scarcely retired to 
their firesides, and had time to recover from the 



13 

excitement of that occasion, bei'ore they are sum- 
moned to come forth and look upon another pa- 
geant, upon another procession ! Tlic elements 
that compose it are, in many respects, the same 
as before ; but the air, the spirit of the whole, how 
mournfully changed ! Ministers of state, and fo- 
reign ambassadors, and distinguished citizens and 
strangers, are again to be seen 5 but every trace 
of joy and gratulation is fled. The same martial, 
well disciplined ranks are there ; but their arms 
are reversed, their countenances are bent in gloom 
upon the ground, their step is measured and so- 
lemn ; the drum is still heard, but in muffled 
tones 5 their music is low and funereal : the horse 
too, which made a principal figure on the previous 
occasion, is there; but the seat of the rider is 
vacant, and the hearse that follows tells but too 
plainly that Death is now the Conqueror, and 
that all that remains to them of their loved and 
venerated chief is contained in a coflin, and about 
to be consigned to the tomb ! 

And could nothing save him ? He in whom so 
many expectations centered ? He whose spirit 
was buoyed up by the prayers and the good wishes 
of a nation ? He who had been raised up as if for 



» 14 

some special purpose, but whose measures were 
yet undeveloped, and whose services, therefore, 
appeared so important ? He, in fine, who had but 
just reached the pinnacle of human greatness, so 
far as it consists in official station, reached it with 
a mind and a body which seemed to have defied 
time and hardship ? Could nothing save him, even 
for a brief period, to the work for which he had 
been chosen ? Neither health, nor buoyant spirits, 
nor elevated station just attained? Neither the 
interests nor the expectations, the prayers nor the 
esteem of a great people ? No ! His hour had 
come ! The decree had gone forth from a higher 
power 5 and it mattered not that the council of the 
nation was summoned to meet him at an early 
day 5 it mattered not that the festival of the Re- 
surrection was near at hand, when, as he had in- 
timated to his spiritual Pastor, while yet in health, 
it would be his desire to shew forth the death of his 
Redeemer, and to feed upon the spiritual food of 
his most precious body and blood, in the sacrament 5 
it mattered not that the aged partner of his bosom 
was far away, totally unprepared for such a be- 
reavement, imconscious of the fearful shock that 
awaited her, and instead of flying to receive his 



15 

parting breath, engaged perhaps in perusing the 
tributes paid to the virtues and station of her lio- 
nored husband ; in a word, it mattered not that 
two short months would suffice to discharge so 
many duties toward the state and toward rehgion, 
^nd to afford so much mitigation to distress in the 
family 5 the messenger of death would not wait ; 
and it seems as if nothing remained to us, but to 
stand over the grave, and cry aloud to a giddy, 
ambitious world, " Vanity of vanities ! vanity of 
vanities ! all is vanity ! " 

The sentiment will be echoed by that aged 
widow, who had been looking forward to this 
year, more for her husband than for herself, as 
the proudest of her life ! It will he echoed by 
those members of the national council, who, in 
another month, will return to the seat of govern- 
ment, not to greet the venerated President in the 
splendid mansion, where they left him in health a 
few weeks since, but to seek out and visit the spot 
where repose his mortal remains. The people of 
this great nation, who have been contending for 
and against his elevation, but who are now uniting 
with a cordiality and sensibility that do them ho- 
nour in testifying their respect for his memory, 



16 

they too will see in this dispensation proof most 
affecting that life is made up of illnsions, and that 
" every man living, in his best estate, is altogether 
vanity." 

The triteness of the truth will not prevent them 
from laying it to heart. In their hours of retire- 
ment, they will say to themselves, What, then, is 
health, which, though never so vigorous in ap- 
pearance, may thus vanish in a moment ? What 
is mind, intellectual energy, which to-day grasps 
the complicated affairs of a nation, and to-morrow 
becomes feeble as infancy, or absolutely incoherent 
under the pressure of a decaying body ? What 
are the objects of human ambition ? Popularity 
and power and station, which the multitude toil 
after at every sacrifice through their whole lives, 
which thousands fail to attain, and which can thus 
elude the grasp of the one favored mortal in the 
first month of anticipated enjoyment ! Can any 
thing be more deceptive, more unsubstantial, more 
unworthy of the supreme regard of an immortal 
being ? What indeed is life, viewed in the light of 
such an event, but a feverish and hurried dream, 
in which we are busied with toys and bubbles, and 
from which we are every momc^nt liable to wake 



17 

up in eternity ? Truly, " Man walketli in a vain 
shadow, and disquieteth himself in vain." " His 
days are made as it were a span long." " He 
Cometh up, and is cut down like a flower." " His 
age is even as nothing, in respect of the years of 
the Most High 5 and considered simply in reference 
to temporal things, every thing about him seems 
mutable, insignificant, vain." 

Such is the lesson, which, as it seems to me. 
Providence designs to teach us in the dispensation 
that ensrasfes our attention this evening. Is there 
not a cause ? Our country is intensely occupied 
with "things that perish in the using." From 
one end to the other, it is convulsed with political 
excitement, and stimulated almost to madness in 
the pursuit of wealth and power. The thoughts 
and affections of our people are strongly set " upon 
things on the earth," not merely to use them with 
moderation, with a just sense of their gross and 
perishable nature, but to treat them as the heathen 
treats the stock of the tree that he hews down in 
the forest 5 one part whereof he burns in the fire 
for a legitimate use, to relieve his physicial ne- 
cessities — to warm himself, and to roast flesh that 
he may eat j while of the other part, forgetting its 

3 



18 

base and worthless nature, he carves out for him- 
self a god, and falls down to worship it ! Thus is 
it that we use^ and at the same time idolize tem- 
poral objects. By how many, for example, is 
property viewed, not merely in reference to its 
legitimate uses, but as the supreme object of life, 
before which every thing else, elevated sentiment, 
health, domestic enjoyment, tranquillity of mind, 
peace of conscience, is to be sacrificed ? How 
often are political employments regarded, not as 
public duties, which we owe to the state, and 
which therefore we may not altogether decline, 
but as something which involves the highest good 
of earth — something which we may appropriate 
to ourselves, and for the sake of which we may 
reasonably plot and slave from the beginning to 
the end of life ? Doubtless I see before me many 
honorable exceptions to both these remarks. I 
am far from supposing that public virtue is extinct 
among us 5 on the contrary, it is reasonable to 
presume that conscientious devotion to the public 
good is much more common than might be in- 
ferred from the representations made by different 
parties of each other's conduct and motives. Ne- 
vertheless, you will probably agree with me, that 



19 

discontent with tlie condition in which Providence 
has cast our lot, inordinate desire for superior 
worldly advantages, self-will and impetuosity in 
the pursuit of them, too little controlled by sound 
principle or by just views of human happiness and 
dignity — a prevalent disregard, both in public 
and in private, of the Superintending Providence 
of God, are features but too prominent in the 
character of our country. 

Is it not to arrest these dangerous tendencies — 
is it not to rebuke these sins, that the Most High 
has suddenly made bare his holy arm in the sight 
of all our land ? Never before, since the first or- 
ganization of our government, has He spoken to 
us, as a nation, so emphatically. We often wit- 
ness a dispensation, which seems peculiarly fitted 
to arrest the attention of an individual, of a family, 
of a community *, but here is one in which God 
appears to design nothing less than the conversion 
of a great and favored people ! It possesses many 
of the qualities of a miracle ,* of one of those 
marvellous events, by which the invisible Governor 
of the universe authenticates a special message to 
the children of men, and calls upon the world to 
listen to the voice of truth- It mav almost be 



20 

called a violation or suspension oi' established 
laws. Hitherto our chief magistrates have not 
only attained to a good old age, but they have 
lived to finish their public duties, and to enjoy for 
a considerable period the pleasures and advantages 
of a dignified retirement and leisure. Never be- 
fore has Death been permitted to interfere with 
the highest functions of our government j and 
even now, had the interference occurred in the 
middle of an oflicial term, had it occurred in the 
case of one whose administration involved nothing 
new or exciting, the event would have appeared 
less significant. But when we see, for the first 
time, a popular chief magistrate suddenly removed 
by death, in the very beginning of his administra- 
tion, when he has but just reached his seat and 
commenced his high duties 5 at a time too, when, 
in consequence of recent political changes and of 
the peculiar condition of the country, his measures 
are looked for with intense interest 5 what is it 
but a solemn intimation from God, given under 
circumstances to command attention, that he will 
have us to remember him ? An intimation that 
there is a power above us greater than ours j and 
that when our way is perverse before him, he can 



21 

easily make all our devices to be of none effect ? 
What is it but a most instructive lesson to those 
who profess to doubt whether God interferes to 
control the destinies of nations 5 who find it diffi- 
cult to conceive how, without restraining the free 
agency of man, the Most High can so diffuse his 
power through the operations of the world, and 
so combine contingent events as to work out any 
required result ? Here by one stroke, by removing 
one pivot from the great political system, one life, 
than which nothing can be more uncertain, no- 
thing more easily destroyed 5 by so combining 
causes as to impair the rest or to change the se- 
cretions of one human body, the whole aspect of 
things is changed, and the government of a great 
nation, in a time of peculiar suspense and expec- 
tation, is confided to hands which the people can 
scarcely be said to have had in their thoughts ! 
Analogous to this, is a still more striking instance 
that occurred at an early period of our history. 
In that deplorable defeat, in which he, who after- 
wards became the master spirit of our revolution, 
first signalized his valour and his consummate 
prudence, his horse was twice shot under him, and 
his clothes were perforated by tour bullets. In 



22 

the confusion of that hour, therefore, had his he- 
roic efforts clianged but a Httle the position of his 
person, had the aim of any one of his numerous 
assailants been turned but a hair's breadth to the 
right or to the left, had the force of the wind been 
a little more or a little less effective, things all 
easily controlled by a higher power, without at- 
tracting our notice or interfering with our agency, 
then he whom we now revere as the Father of 
our country, as under God the Saviour of our 
Republic, had died almost without a name, and 
our armies, our counsels, our first doubtful but 
decisive steps as a nation had been swayed by 
other spirits. 

Standing then in the light of such manifesta- 
tions of the power of God's special providence, 
would you behold a melancholy spectacle of " va- 
nity" ? Observe the inhabitants of the earth busy 
with their little plans, plotting and counterplot- 
ting, projecting as if they were supreme, while 
He that sitteth in the Heavens, looking down upon 
their puny efforts, is ready to laugh them to scorn , 
or if he beholds them, as indeed he does, with 
pity, is nevertheless strong and prompt to modify 
their doings, to reverse their schemes when in- 



23 

consistent with iiis purposes, to turn their cunning 
into foohshness, and to make even the wrath of 
man to praise him. Thus is it, that, if we look 
upon man, upon society, or upon nations as they 
appear without rehgion, without faith in God, 
without reverence for his holy will, nothing meets 
the eye but littleness and folly : We see men and 
nations walking in a vain shadow and disquieting 
themselves in vain, spending their labour for 
nought 5 and we exclaim with the royal sage of 
Israel, " Vanity of vanities, vanity of vanities 5 
all is vanity ! " 

Nor is this all. Behold in the history of the 

last month, how insignificant and how unnecessary 

to the interests of this world are those instruments 

that to men seem most important ! Within less 

than thirty days, he, whose loss a nation deplores, 

was actively engaged in discharging the functions 

of his high office. His life seemed to be necessary 

to the country ; indispensable to the carrying out 

of those principles and measures, of which he was 

the chosen representative, and which the people 

had determined to try. When his death was first 

announced to the astonished nation, it was felt not 

only that a great and good man was taken away; 



24 

not only that the venerated statesman and soldier, 
who had been elevated with so much feeling, who 
had drawn toward himself no small portion of the 
patriotism and loyalty of the country, was no 
more *, but that the administration of the govern- 
ment was liable to be deeply embarrassed, and 
perhaps the wishes of the people defeated or post- 
poned. And yet one short week has scarcely 
elapsed, the tomb has but just closed over the 
mortal remains of the departed Chief Magistrate, 
when the country settles down in the conviction, 
that however much the sensibilities of the nation 
may have been shocked, or its anticipations dis- 
appointed 5 however much it may lament the loss 
of a Ruler, whose pure and simple virtues had 
endeared him to millions of hearts 5 yet that from 
that sad event the public interests are to suffer no 
material detriment, and that all things will pro- 
ceed precisely as they would have done had death 
made no change in the highest office in the Union. 
Of the character of the principles and policy 
now adverted to, I have nothing to say. It may 
be, that their real worth and importance have 
been greatly overrated by their advocates. That 
is a question with which I, at least in this place, 



25 

have nothing to do. I speak of them simply as 
they entered into the existing administration of the 
country ; an administration from which, having 
been recently formed under peculiar circum- 
stances, much was expected ; and I ask, Is there 
not something humbling to the pride of man, is 
there not something mortifying to our ideas of the 
importance of human instruments, in the quick- 
ness with which the waters have closed over the 
chief magistrate of the nation, at an important 
crisis, filling up the sad official breach, supplying 
all deficiency of service, and leaving our great 
political system to continue its operations as if 
nothing had occurred ? Contemplate this exam- 
ple ; and see how easily your services can be dis- 
pensed with, how quickly your places can be sup- 
plied, and how prone you are to exaggerate the 
importance of favorite human instruments. To- 
day, the honored individual fills a space so large 
in the social system, and performs functions so 
important, that we deem his services all but in- 
dispensable 5 to-morrow, " his place can nowhere 
be found," and his presence, so far as public in- 
terests are concerned, is scarcely missed ! Now, 
while such a view supplies nothing answerable to 

4 



26 

our conceptions of true greatness ; vvliile it makes 
us feel most sensibly, that "every man living, in 
his best estate, is indeed but vanity 5" it teaches 
us, at the same time, a lesson of moderation, in 
reference to our personal aspirations and our po- 
litical conflicts. It admonishes us to reduce our 
estimate of the value of power and place j to con- 
sider the insignificance of the prize at which we 
grasp so eagerly ; and to remember, that he who 
layeth up treasures only for himself, without being 
rich toward God, rich in good works, rich in the 
possession of a sanctified nature, is poor indeed ! 
As politicians, as public men, prone to attach un- 
due importance to certain preferences, to certain 
schemes of human device, the voice which now 
speaks to a bereaved nation, calls upon you to be 
temperate — temperate in your feelings and mea- 
sures j to repress that passionate, impetuous self- 
will, which forgets the superintendence of Provi- 
dence, which idolizes the men and measures of 
to-day, considering nothing too valuable to be 
sacrificed in their support, and imagining that 
there can be no salvation for the country save 
through their agency. 

Let me not, however, be misunderstood. To 



27 

disparage terveiit devotion to principle, or warm- 
hearted, reverential attachment to patriotic men, 
who have shewn themselves to be worthy of ho- 
nour for their public and private virtues, would 
be unsuited alike to the place in which I stand, 
and to the audience I address. Such is very far 
from being my design. It is not indifference to 
principle or to men, that the Gospel or the occa- 
sion inculcates 5 but a due moderation in our feel- 
ings, judgments and measures j a just sense of our 
dependence, as individuals and as a nation, upon a 
high and righteous Being, without whose blessing 
nothing is strong, nothing is holy 5 a Being whose 
ways are not as our ways, and who is ever pre- 
pared to accomplish his wise purposes by means 
that have not entered into our thoughts. Here is 
the great secret of temperance and fortitude. It 
is a constant recollection of the insignificance of 
all mere human effort and genius, unless furthered 
by divine help 5 it is a devout reference, in all 
things, to the will and the control of the Almighty 
Ruler of Nations 5 it is this, and this only, that 
can enable the patriot to select his instruments 
without passion, without vain confidence, and to 
witness their destruction without undue apprehen- 



'28 

sion. Regarding all his doings as overruled by 
the Providence of God, trusting in that Provi- 
dence with all his heart, he will devote himself 
to the maintenance of what he deems to be right 
with unwavering zeal and energy, but without 
impetuosity, without expecting too much from 
any finite agency, without running into the use 
of unrighteous means : he will look unto the hills 
from whence cometh the help of individuals and 
of nations, and he will do every thing in a spirit 
of holy trust and submission. 

When we undertake to set forth the vanity of 
man, and the mutability of things temporal, it is 
fitting that we take our examples from the high 
places of the earth. Proofs drawn from such 
sources are more convincing than any others, and 
much more affecting. At the call of Providence, 
therefore, we have been to look upon the loftiest 
dwelling in the land, the mansion of our chief 
magistrate — the object of so much ambition, the 
occasion of so much envy. A man almost uni- 
versally revered, enters it amid the blessings and 
gratulations of a nation. Every thing seems to 
promise that his ofiicial life shall be brilliant and 
prosperous 5 his family take possession of their 



29 

spacious apartuiL'iits, and enter upon their dome- 
stic duties 5 but before he can become tamiliar 
with his new liome, when his table has scarcely 
yet been spread, a most unexpected, ghastly mes- 
senger appears, changes his countenance, and 
sends him away ! The mirth of the land is gone j 
the people's joy is turned into mourning 5 and 
when, after a few days, we return to look again 
upon that official mansion, we pass a new-made 
grave 5 we meet the family of him whom the 
nation had delighted to honour, retiring in tears, 
without their venerated head; and we find the 
princely residence they have left already occupied 
by other inmates, by a successor in office ! After 
having witnessed such scenes in the most elevated 
circle in the land, after having received such a 
lesson on the vanity and nothingness of all that is 
most highly prized in the world, we need not de- 
scend to more humble stations 5 we need not take 
account of all the disappointments and griefs, the 
dismal losses, the bitter anguish, mental and phy- 
sical, to be found in ten thousand private dwell- 
ings, rich and poor, around us, in order to be 
convinced, that if in this life only we have hope, 
we are, in proportion to our faculties and aspira- 



30 

tions, of all beings most insignificant and mi- 
serable. 

From the lessons of Providence, let us turn, 
then, for one moment, to the teachings of Inspira- 
tion. The moment we open the Sacred Volume, 
our attention is arrested by one striking peculiar- 
ity. This book, which we term the Bible, and 
which we believe, on good evidence, to be inspired, 
is not the production of one man. It consists of 
a great number of separate pieces, composed by 
different persons, at remote periods of time 5 and 
though they all spake as they were moved by the 
Holy Ghost, though they were all controlled by 
inspiration, so far as to be saved from error, and 
to be guided in expressing the truth which it was 
made their duty to proclaim, yet each writer has 
evidently retained his own peculiarities of manner 
— the forms of expression, the imagery, the cast 
of sentiment, the turn of thought prompted by his 
character and by the circumstances in which he 
lived. Now it is worthy of remark, for I think it 
shews the wisdom and the goodness of God, that 
the different writers employed at different times 
to reveal his will to men, to record his dealings 
with them, to put forth those sentiments of piety 



31 

and virtue which should be titled to call back the 
alienated heart to truth and duty, these writers 
were not all selected from the same class — they 
were not all taken from the same rank in life. 
On the contrary, they are representatives of all 
the great classes that were then known, or that 
are likely ever to be known to the world : rich 
and poor, learned and unlearned, high and low, 
the gentle and the bold, the pupil of Gamaliel and 
the unlettered fisherman, the publican and the 
accomplished physician, the shepherd and the 
monarch j and when they speak, they take views 
of life, they utter sentiments, they use imagery 
and language suited to their respective conditions, 
capacities and habits of thought — suited also to 
the circumstances of prosperity or affliction in 
which they were placed at the time. It seems as 
if God had designed that every member of the 
human family, through all future time, whatever 
might be his education, his turn of mind, his rank 
or his trials, should find in that precious volume 
instructions and sentiments congenial to his taste 
and appropriate to his situation. There is, in- 
deed, nothing in any part of that volume, from 
which all men may not profit ; but it seems to 



32 

be intended that every lieart, high or low, sliould 
hear a voice especially suited to engage its atten- 
tion, to awaken its sympathy, and to turn it to the 
only sources of wisdom and consolation. Con- 
sidering that the humble and the poor constitute 
the great majority of the world, we need not be 
surprised, for this, beside many other reasons, that 
a large part of the sacred writers are taken from 
the same class. Apart from their inspiration, and 
from the momentous nature of the higher truths 
they were commissioned to proclaim, they are 
worthy of profound attention, on account of the 
simplicity, the vividness, the truth to nature, even 
in little things, with which they speak of the 
human heart, and of the world around them. 

But to them^ I have not had recourse for a text 
on the present occasion. Standing over the grave 
of the chief magistrate of a great nation, who had 
fallen suddenly in the first month of his exaltation 
to power, in the midst of gratulations and high 
anticipations, it was natural that I should turn 
from the great men of the earth to the great men 
of the Bible ! Impressed by that solemn proof of 
the littleness of things temporal, I said to myself, 
" Let us turn to the Monarchs who have been 



33 

taught by the Spirit of God, and see what they, 
speaking from their thrones, have to say of man 
and of human life." I consulted, first, King 
David, than whom, independently of his spiritual 
gifts, a more exquisite and splendid genius never 
adorned a throne. He had passed from the shep- 
herd's crook to the Sceptre of Israel. He had 
seen life, and, as his varied and wonderful produc- 
tions testify, had looked upon it with a thought- 
ful eye, in all its aspects. Among a thousand 
other similar sentiments, conceived and expressed 
with exquisite beauty and pathos, I found those 
words already cited several times in this discourse. 
They contain no poetical exaggeration, but are 
addressed with the utmost solemnity to God. 
" Thou hast made my days as it were a span long, 
and mine age is even as nothing in respect of 
thee. Man walketh in a vain shadow, and dis- 
quieteth himself in vain. He heapcth up riches, 
and cannot tell who shall gather them ; and ve- 
rily every man living is altogether vanity." From 
David I passed on to his son and successor So- 
lomon, who, if less distinguished by the ardent 
poetical temperament, by the beauty and tender- 
ness of mind that characterized tlie father, was 

5 



34 

far more eminent on account of his universal 
knowledge and his consummate wisdom. On 
opening his book of Ecclesiastes, I found these 
words, at the very beginning, as if they expressed 
the thoughts ever uppermost in his mind 5 and 
when you consider that he was king over God's 
chosen people — the monarch whose wisdom and 
magnificence drew princely admirers from dis- 
tant countries, you will not deem it strange that 
the speech fixed my attention. Observe, then, 
King Solomon the admired, the wise, the pro- 
sperous, the great, sets himself to preach the world 
a sermon, for that is the nature of the book 5 and 
forgetting, or lightly esteeming his regal estate, 
and all that men most covet, he takes for his text 
these startling words : " Vanity of vanities, saith 
the preacher 5 vanity of vanities, all is vanity ! " 
Apart from religion, every thing is perishable, 
every thing is infected with evil, every thing is 
gross, incapable of nourishing and delighting the 
soul; and although neither Solomon nor David 
was an ascetic, nor professed any insensibility to 
the good things of life 5 on the contrary, they 
were cheerful spirits, as truly devout men usually 
are, and they threw out many admhable precepts 



35 

respecting the right use of temporal blessings j yet 
nowhere in other parts of the sacred volume, not 
even in the writings of publicans and fishermen, 
do I find the vanity of man and the littleness of 
all temporal things set forth so vividly, or so con- 
stantly insisted on, as in these inspired productions 
of Royal Teachers^ King David and King So- 
lomon ! It seems as if their very elevation had 
made them more deeply sensible, more constantly 
mindful of the truth, and had made them feel, too, 
as if they had a right, as if it became them espe- 
cially to proclaim that truth for the instruction of 
all mankind — to hold it up for the admonition of 
Rulers and Princes, of the envious and ambitious. 
Pointing, then, on the one side to this solemn 
testimony of kings, and on the other to the place 
so recently occupied by your late venerated chief 
magistrate, may I not venture, without arrogance, 
without any thing like cant or common place, to 
address you as public men, and entreat you not to 
spend your labour for that which is not bread ? 
We have already seen, in the case of him whose 
loss we mourn, that no adventitious advantages, 
neither station, nor popularity, nor renown, nor 
the interests and wishes of a great nation, could 



36 

avail to stay the arm of the destroyer, or rather 
to put off the summons of the all-wise and all- 
powerful Governor of the Universe. We have 
seen, too, that all those advantages, together with 
life itself, were snatched away in the very moment 
when their utmost enjoyment, if enjoyment it 
could be called, was promised and anticipated. 
This of itself might justify us in writing upon 
every one of them, " Vanity of vanities ! vanity 
of vanities ! " But their littleness and emptiness 
are not yet made fully manifest. Draw near to 
the departing spirit of the patriot, soldier and 
statesman, and ask him what he thinks, now, 
in view of death, of those honours and emolu- 
ments, which the world pursues so eagerly, and 
for which such fearful sacrifices are made ? Ask 
him whether, as honours and emoluments, they 
ever answered his expectations, or satisfied his 
desires ? Ask him whether, in the multitude of 
the sorrows he has had in his heart, and that every 
man has in his heart, tliey ever refreshed and de- 
lighted his soul 1 Ask him whether the recollec- 
tion of having enjoyed them, or the consciousness 
of being now surrounded by the insignia of power 
and the plaudits of a nation, contributes at all to 



37 

bear up his spirit, or to inspire him witli joy as 
the prospect of eternity opens before him ? — But 
he is gone ! Follow liim then — follow him to the 
world of retribution, to the bar of judgment, and 
ask him, how, from iliat pointy appear to him now 
his victories, his triumphs, his honours '\ Would 
he weigh them all against one devout prayer, one 
pious action, however humble — one cup of water 
given in the name and spirit of the Blessed Re- 
deemer ? If his triumphs have been won by 
righteous means and with noble aims — if they 
have been enjoyed and used rightly, with modera- 
tion, for the good of his country and in the fear 
of God, they may indeed borrow from religion a 
worth not inherent in themselves 5 the remem- 
brance of them may be a comfort in the hour of 
death, may add to the joys of the eternal world 5 
but apart from the rectitude and piety that ought 
to pervade them, how vain are they ! how inca- 
pable of soothing and sustaining the spirit in the 
hour of sorrow, of disquiet or of dissolution! Un- 
less sanctified by a heavenly spirit, they perish in 
the using 5 they trouble and contaminate the soul, 
without imparting to it one rational joy, and at 
last they leave it in utter darkness. Wonder not. 



38 

then, that an inspired king, who lived in the midst 
of these temporal glories, who had tried them all, 
who saw them in the full clear light of divine 
truth, should exclaim over them, " Vanity of va- 
nities, vanity of vanities 5 all is vanity." Reflect, 
too, I beseech you, what a view is presented of 
the spirituality of our nature, of the mysterious 
dignity and worth of the soul, of the greatness of 
our moral necessities, when we see that the greatest 
temporal advantages, the richest possessions, the 
most dazzling glories of earth, are utterly unavail- 
ing to sustain the wounded spirit, to redress its 
disorders, to satisfy its desires, or even to afford 
one particle of nourishment for its immortal ener- 
gies ! 

Let us hasten, then, to admit that the language 
of the text needs to be qualified, and its applica- 
tion to be restrained. Man is not altogether va- 
nity ! He was created in the image of God. His 
thoughts range through the universe. The ado- 
rable Son of the Father came down from Heaven 
to redeem him with his own precious blood. He 
is destined for immortality, and is made capable 
of eternal fellowship with God. If he forget God; 
if he become the slave of sin, and grovel among 



39 

things that perish in tlie using, then, indeed, his 
high endowments, his suffering Saviour, and the 
glorious hopes set before him in the Gospel, only 
serve to render the vanity of his life the more 
conspicuous and the more pitiable. But if he 
remember his Creator and his immortal destiny 5 
if he sanctify his heart in the sight of the Most 
High ; if he abhor that which is evil, and cleave 
to that which is good, on high and holy principles, 
then is he truly great — then is he worthy of all 
reverence, no matter how obscure his station, nor 
how humble his intellectual endowments. He is 
exalted not by station, not by talents, not by hu- 
man applause, but by the principle that pervades 
his efforts, by the end for which he lives. This 
temporal existence, if it lead to nothing better 
beyond the grave 5 if it conduct to nothing but 
disappointment, darkness and despair, is^ indeed, 
the " vanity of vanities 5" but if it be used for the 
purposes for which it was given, for the glory of 
God and the good of man's estate ; if it be spent 
in the simple, straight-forward, devout discharge 
of duty, it borrows dignity and lustre from the 
sentiments that adorn it, and from the glory that 
shall reward and crown it. Indeed, all that So- 



40 

lomon says of the vanity of life, is intended to 
apply to it only as it is spent without religion 5 
and his words are designed to warn men against 
the fatal error of taking this world for their por- 
tion. It is in no respect answerable to the dignity 
of their nature : it can never be made to serve 
their turn : This he demonstrates 5 and then an- 
nounces as the conclusion from all that he knows, 
by experience or by inspiration, this grand pre- 
cept : " Fear God, and keep his commandments 5 
for this is the whole duty of man." 

Such is the instruction to be derived from that 
dispensation of Divine Providence, which has 
darkened the land with sorrow. It teaches us 
that, apart from the sentiments and the hopes of 
religion, every man living, in his best estate, is but 
vanity 5 and it calls upon us most pointedly and 
impressively, " to fear God and to keep his com- 
mandments," as the only means by which we can 
rise to dignity or to happiness. It calls upon us 
as individuals : It calls upon us as a nation. Shall 
we refuse to receive correction ? Will it not be a 
sad proof of insensibility, if such a stroke, which 
ought to move our whole soul, and to recall us to 
God, should only stun us for a moment ? For him 



41 

who is departed, we may well believe, that " to 
die was gain." He was taken away from the evil 
to come — away from the temptations and distrac- 
tions of office. He was removed while his con- 
science was yet unsullied; while his pious and 
grateful sentiments, which had been long gaining 
strength, and which perhaps had been quickened 
by his recent accession to new honours, were yet 
fresh and pure. He stood high in favour with 
men, higher perhaps than he could have stood 
even after the most successful administration 5 
and when I reflect upon circumstances indicative 
of the state of his religious principles and feelings ; 
the profound and significant homage paid to 
Christianity in his Inaugural Address j the spirit 
manifested in his intercourse with devout persons 
in private 5 his manly recognition of religion in 
his family 5 his daily reading of the Scriptures, in 
spite of weariness and interruption 5 the reverence 
that marked his attendance upon public worship, 
and his observance of the Lord's day; the ar- 
rangement made with his spiritual Pastor, while 
yet in health, to receive the Sacrament of the 
Lord's Supper, on the next occasion of its ad- 
ministration ; (alas that it should have been post- 

6 



42 

poned so long !) when I reflect upon these traits 
of a simple but manly piety, and superadd to them 
the christian spirit with which he saw the approach 
of death, I rejoice in the precious consolation, that 
though the nation may and must mourn its own 
loss, yet it is not left to " sorrow as those that are 
without hope." 

Upon ourselves^ then, let us turn our thoughts, 
and endeavour to realize the vanity and uncer- 
tainty of every thing that can stand between us 
and a due preparation for death. During this 
season of public mourning, one of your own num- 
ber has been taken away 5* as if it was the mer- 
ciful design of God to touch your hearts while 
they were yet tender from the previous bereave- 
ment. With profound deference, but with so- 
lemnity, as in the sight of the Most High, let 
me beseech you not to turn away from him that 
speaketh. The night cometh, when no man can 
work. In a brief period your projects will all be 
ended, your visions all dissolved. The truths of 
the Gospel are before you in all their majesty and 



• The death of the Hon. Mr. Heaton, a member of the Assembly, 
had been announced to the Legislature but a few days previous to the 
delivery of this discourse. 



43 

power. You liave nothing to oppose to themj but 
what is suggested not by reason, but by the pas- 
sions, prejudices and sophistries, which will vanish 
before an awakened conscience, before the light 
of eternity, and leave you in the presence of truth, 
when the truth shall avail only to condemn ! 

In this connection, permit me to remind you, 
as public men, that to "fear God and to keep his 
commandments," is a duty, which you owe to your 
country no less than to yourselves. I see many 
before me, many in other official stations in our 
land, whom I revere for their public and private 
virtues, and whom I regard as a blessing and an 
honour to any nation. But what a spectacle 
would be presented to the world — what an in- 
fluence would be exerted over our whole political 
system, could we see our Lawgivers and our 
Rulers bowing with one accord, with simple, 
manly, unobtrusive piety, before the altar of the 
God of Nations 5 if they were universally known 
to the world as men of prayer, whose conversation 
was in heaven, and who were careful to walk 
before the Most High, and before all the people 
with simplicity and godly sincerity ! Who can 
doubt that God would smile upon such a nation ! 



44 

Who can doubt that our millions of freemen would 
be characterized by a profound reverence for au- 
thority 5 by a cheerful, holy zeal in the discharge 
of public and private duties, or that a new virtue 
would be infused into all our nolile institutions ! 
Within such a land, there could be no decay 5 
while from abroad, all nations would rise up to do 
us reverence, and to imitate our example ! Nay, 
more. Rejecting, as we do, all connection be- 
tween Religion and the State 5 leaving, as the 
Constitution does, this great source of all con- 
servative influence to the voluntary support which 
it shall be able to command from individuals — 
an arrangement, let us bear in mind, which was 
made, not with a view to expel religion from the 
land, but in the belief that it would be abundantly 
supported, and best supported, by confiding it to 
the spontaneous zeal of its friends, and, I may 
say, of every citizen 5 have we not all come under 
a peculiar obligation j have not public men espe- 
cially come under a most solemn, imperative obli- 
gation, to give to religion, what the constitutional 
arrangements of the country tacitly engaged should 
be given, namely, the homage of their hearts, and 
the benefit of their }>rivate example and exertions ? 



45 

Do you ask how your private influence can be 
best exerted ? I answer, simply by walking before 
the Lord with a perfect heart ; by cherishing de- 
vout affections j by acting on high and holy prin- 
ciples 5 by being careful to remember, in all your 
public and in all your private relations, that it is 
your first duty, as well as your highest honour, to 
" fear God and to keep his commandments." A 
holy life is the most cogent argument^ the most 
valuable contHhution which any man^ however 
exalted by talents or by station^ can offer in 
support of Christianity ! Let me admonish you, 
in particular, that the positive institutions of 
religion^ the Sabbath, the Sanctuary, the Sacra- 
ments 5 those outward means, by which the ho- 
nour of God and the influence of his religion are 
maintained in the world, are ever watched over 
by him with a jealous eye. The individual or the 
nation that slights, neglects or desecrates them, 
he will by no means approve ! On the contrary, 
let these be reverently observed 5 let them be de- 
lighted in by the rulers and people of the land ; 
let the spirit of Christianity pervade all your 
public and private doings, infusing into your 
counsels, and into your intercourse with each 



46 

other, the virtues of justice, temperance, sincerity 
and charity 5 imparting to your correspondence 
with foreign nations a tone of moderation and 
christian magnanimity 5 and we have the promise 
of God, we have the history of the world for our 
warrant, that integrity and uprightness shall pre- 
serve us 5 we shall abide under the shadow of the 
Almighty, and his truth will be our shield and 
our buckler forever! 

Without piety in our Lawgivers and Rulers, 
all the bands of political and social strength are 
dissolved. For if they will not respect and obey 
God, how can it be supposed that the people will 
respect and obey them ? If they set an example 
of irreverence and insubordination toward the 
righteous Governor of the Universe, what shall 
prevent the people from learning the lesson, and 
applying it to their feeble and imperfect counsels? 
Knowing, as we do, that reverence for rightful 
authority is not a sentiment of spontaneous, or of 
very easy growth in the perverse heart of man, 
may we not well fear, that unless our high places 
shall exhibit illustrious examples of submission 
and self-devotion, our nation will grow up to be 
a reproach and a by-v/ord, for the self-will, the 



47 

contempt of authority, the lawless violence of its 
people ? And then we, who, with religion might 
have been the wonder and admiration of the world 5 
we, who might have smiled at the power of con- 
federate nations, what shall save us from disho- 
nour ? what shall preserve us from destruction ! 

Nations, be it ever remembered, are not like 
individuals. Individuals die j but nations live for 
ever. Individuals, after a brief period of trial, in 
which the consequences of their moral conduct 
appear but in part, are called away by the will of 
God, to enjoy their full reward, or to experience 
the utmost effects of sin, in a world of eternal re- 
tribution. Their punishments and their recom- 
pense are, for the most part, postponed to a future 
state. But there is no future state for nations ! 
They continue to dwell on the earth. Their re- 
tribution is in this world. From the very nature 
of their existence, the consequence of a principle 
or of a disposition is speedily and fully developed 5 
they flourish or decay ; they are exalted and 
happy, or degraded and miserable, according as 
they are characterized by piety and virtue, or by 
impiety and sin. This truth is recorded in awful 
characters on the history of the .Jewish nation : 



48 

It is exemplified in the rise and fall of many a 
kinsdom in modern times : It stands out in bold 
relief on every page of the Sacred Volume : It 
was written for the admonition of our rulers and 
our people. If we go to decay, if we fall into 
dishonour, it must be by our own act. " Be wise 
now, therefore, O ye Rulers 5 be instructed, ye 
that are Judges of the earth. Serve the Lord 
with fear, and rejoice with trembling. Kiss the 
Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the 
way : blessed are all they that put their trust in 
Him." Listen to the voice, which speaks to us, 
as individuals and as a people, through a great 
national bereavement 5 which says emphatically, 
" Be ye also ready :" " Whosoever honoureth me, 
him will I also honour." Which says again, " Let 
not the wise man glory in his wisdom 5 let not the 
rich man glory in his riches 5 let not the mighty 
man glory in his might *, but let him that glorieth, 
glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth 
me, that I am the Lord, which exercise loving 
kindness, judgment and righteousness in the earth ; 
for in these things I delight, saith the liord." 



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